(Friday Sermon - August 30, 2019 )
Background
Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit was an Ansari companion. His father’s name was Samit bin Qais and his mother’s name was Qurratul Ain bint Ubadah. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) was present during the first and second pledge at Aqabah. He was the leader of the Banu Auf bin Khazraj clan of the Khazraj tribe of the Ansar, who were also known as Qawaqil.
The reason why they were known as Qauqal is because whenever anyone would seek the protection of a leader in Medina, that person seeking protection would be told that they were free to ascend the mountain, i.e. they had nothing to fear and could live there freely. In short, they were able to roam about freely and did not need to worry about anything.
The people granting freedom became known as Qawaqilah. Ibn-e-Hisham states that whenever a leader from among them would grant protection to another, he would also bestow them an arrow and would say that they are free to go as they please. Thalabah bin Daad, the paternal grandfather of Hazrat Nu‘man(ra) was known as Qauqal. Similarly, the leader of the Khazraj tribe, Ghanam bin Auf was known as Qauqal, and in the same manner, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit was also known by the title of Qauqal. From among the Khazraj tribe, the clans of Banu Saalim, Bani Ghanam and the Banu Auf bin Khazraj were all known as Qawaqilah and Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit was the leader of the Banu Auf tribe. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 3, pp. 158-159, Ubadah bin Samit, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2008) (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, p. 414, Al-Nu‘man bin Malik, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2012) (Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah li Ibn Hisham, p. 309, Al-Aqabah al-Oola Wa Mus’ab bin Umair, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2001) (Taajul Urus, Qifl, Vol. 15, p. 627, Bab al-Laam, Darul Fikr, Beirut, 1994)
One of Hazrat Ubadah’s(ra) sons’ name was Waleed, who was born to Jameela bint Abu Sa‘sa and his other son’s name was Muhammad, who was born to Hazrat Umme Haram bint Milhaan. Hazrat Aus(ra) bin Samit, who is also a Badri companion, was the brother of Hazrat Ubadah(ra). (Al-Tabaqaat-ul-Kubra li ibn Sa‘d, Vol. 3, pp. 280-281, Ubadah bin Samit, Dar Ihyaa Al-Turath Al-Arabi, Beirut, 1996)
Participation in Battles and Demise
When Hazrat Abu Marsad Ghanavi(ra) migrated to Medina, the Holy Prophet(sa) formed a bond of brotherhood with him and Hazrat Ubadah(ra). Hazrat Ubadah(ra) took part in all the battles alongside the Holy Prophet(sa) including the Battles of Badr, Uhud and Khandaq.
Hazrat Ubadah(ra) passed away in Ramla, Palestine in 34 AH. According to some narrations, he passed away in Baitul Maqdas and was subsequently buried there. His grave is known even today. Then, in another narration, it is recorded that he passed away in Qubrus, after Hazrat Umar(ra) had appointed him as the leader of Qubrus.
At the time of his demise, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) was 72 years old. He was tall and had a large and handsome build. According to some narrations it is stated that he passed away in 45 AH, during the rule of Amir Muawiyyah, however, the earlier narration in which it was mentioned that he passed away in 34 AH in Palestine is more authentic as opposed to the narration in which it is stated that he passed away in 45 AH. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 3, pp. 55-56, Darul Fikr, Beirut, 2003) (Al-Isti‘ab, Vol. 2, p. 355, Ubadah bin Samit, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002) (Sharh Masnad al-Shafi‘i Az Abdil Kareem bin Muhammad Qazwini, Vol. 2, p. 165, Idarat al-Shu’un al-Islamiyyah, Qatar, 2007, Maktabah Shamilah)
Contribution to the Compilation of Ahadith
Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit has recorded 181 narrations of Ahadith among which those narrating the Hadith are prominent companions, such as Hazrat Anas(ra) bin Malik, Hazrat Jabir(ra) bin Abdullah and Hazrat Miqdam(ra) bin Maadi Kirb, as well as Tabi‘een [those people who met with companions(ra)]. (Siyar as-Sahaba, Vol. 3, p. 405, Darul Ishaat Urdu, Karachi, 2004)
Pledge of Aqabah
According to a narration, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit was present during the Battle of Badr and during the night of Aqabah. He was also one of the appointed leaders. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) would say:
“A group of companions was near the Holy Prophet(sa); he took a pledge from us stating, ‘You will not associate partners with Allah, nor will you steal. You will not kill your children, you will not knowingly slander anyone, nor will you disobey a clear instruction. Whosoever from among you fulfils this pledge will receive a reward from God Almighty, but whoever commits any of these evil deeds and receives a punishment in this world, then this punishment will atone for that evil deed. Whoever commits an evil deed and God Almighty conceals that deed, then their matter is with Allah the Almighty; if He wishes He can forgive them and if He wishes He can punish them for it.’ Thus, we pledged allegiance accordingly.” This narration is found in Bukhari. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitabul Iman, Alaamatul Iman Hubbul Ansar, Hadith 18)
The Holy Prophet’s(sa) Migration to Medina
During the migration to Medina, the Holy Prophet(sa) led the Friday prayers at the mosque at Quba and after leading the prayers, the Holy Prophet(sa) mounted his camel to go towards Medina. The Holy Prophet(sa) kept the reins loose. The camel then turned its head right and left, as if it was searching for the direction of travel. It stood in one place without moving forwards and instead, kept looking to its left and right. Observing this, the people of Banu Saalim – i.e. the people among whom the Holy Prophet(sa) led the Friday prayers – including Itban bin Malik, Naufal bin Abdullah bin Malik and Ubadah bin Saamit asked the Holy Prophet(sa) to remain amongst them. They said they were more in number and could make adequate arrangements of safety. They said, “We will honour you and ensure your safety as there are more Muslims residing here.”
According to one narration, they said that they possess wealth and affluence and people residing there had plentiful resources. In another narration it is stated that they said, “Please stay with us as we are more in number and have weapons. In addition to this we have orchards and other essentials to survive.” i.e. they could provide adequate security measures and were more affluent.
They then said, “O Messenger (sa) of Allah! Whenever an Arab is in danger or fears for their life, they come and seek protection from us.” The Holy Prophet(sa) heard all of their requests and recited prayers for them and then said, “All what you say is true, but leave my camel be as it is under the command of God Almighty. It will stop wherever it pleases and may sit wherever it pleases.” In another narration, the words of this incident are that the Holy Prophet(sa) said, “My camel is under divine command, therefore leave it to be.” It is reported that the Holy Prophet(sa) was smiling and said, “May God Almighty shower His blessings upon you, for all that you have presented.” The camel then began to move forwards. (Al-Sirat al-Halabiyyah, Vol. 2, p. 83, Bab Al-Hijratu ilaa al-Madinah, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002)
Conquest of Egypt
In relation to the conquest of Egypt, the author of Siyar as-Sahaba states,
“During the era of Hazrat Umar’s(ra) Khilafat, it was taking somewhat longer to conquer Egypt as a result of which Hazrat Amr(ra) bin Aas wrote to Hazrat Umar(ra), requesting for further support. Upon this, Hazrat Umar(ra) sent an additional army of 4,000 soldiers and Hazrat Ubadah(ra) was appointed as the leader of a thousand soldiers from among them. Moreover, in his reply, Hazrat Umar(ra) wrote that each one of the leaders of the army was equivalent to a thousand soldiers. When this army reached Egypt, Hazrat Amr(ra) bin Aas gathered the entire armies together and delivered an inspirational speech. He then called for Hazrat Ubadah(ra) and asked for his arrow and Hazrat Amr bin Aas took off his turban and placed it on the arrow. He then handed it over to Hazrat Ubadah(ra), stating that it would be the flag for the general of the army and thenceforth, he was the commander of the army. How great is God that in the very first attack that was launched, they were able to conquer the city.” (Siyar as-Sahaba, Vol. 2, p. 402, Darul Isha’at, Karachi, 2004)
Siege of Laziqiyyah
After the conquest of Damascus, Hazrat Abu Ubaidah(ra) bin al-Jarrah came to Homs and the people of Homs entered a treaty with him. Subsequently, he appointed Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit Ansari to oversee Homs and moved towards Humaa.
Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit then left for Laziqiyya, which is a coastal city of Syria. The people of the city engaged in a battle with the Muslims. There was a large door which would only open with the help of a number of people. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) took his army away from the city and ordered them to dig such deep trenches so that a person on horseback could be hidden, i.e. it was a long trench. The Muslims put great effort into digging the trenches. When they completed the digging, there was still some daylight remaining and they made it appear as if they were returning to Homs. However, when night fell, they returned back to the trenches they had dug. The people of Laziqiyya wrongly assumed that the Muslim army had retreated. When dawn broke, they opened their door and went out with their cattle. The Muslims appeared all of a sudden and seeing them, the people of Laziqiyya became fearful. The Muslims attacked them and entered the city through the door; they conquered the area. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) entered the fort and ascending the wall of the fort, he proclaimed the Takbir [extolling the greatness of God].
From among the Christians that lived in Laziqiyya, one tribe migrated towards Yaseed and from there they sought protection of their safe return back to their land. Initially they feared for their lives and ran away, but later they sought permission to return back to their homes. Thus, having paid the tax, the land was returned to them on the condition that they would provide a portion of their produce. On this condition the land was returned to them as well as their place of worship, and they were permitted to worship freely
On orders of Hazrat Ubadah(ra), the Muslims constructed a mosque which was extended afterwards. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) along with the Muslim army reached a city near the coast named Baldah and conquered the city. This was two farsakh, which is equivalent to six miles from the fort of Jabalah. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) then conquered many other cities including Antartus, which is situated on the coast in Syria. In addition to this, the cities of Laziqiyya, Jabalah, Baldah and Antartus were all conquered by Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit. (Futuh al-Buldan, pp. 83-85, Amr Hims, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2000) (Mujamul Buldan, Vol. 4, p. 169, Al-Laziqiyya, Vol. 1, p. 320, Antartus, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut)
Supervisor of Funds
On one occasion, the Holy Prophet(sa) appointed Hazrat Ubadah(ra) to supervise the funds of Sadaqat [charity]. The Holy Prophet(sa) advised him to always fear Allah the Almighty lest on the Day of Judgement, he appeared in a state laden with a camel which was bleating or laden with a cow that was lowing or a goat bleating; in other words, he was admonished from acting in a dishonest manner and warned against failing to safeguard the Sadaqah.
In those days, the charity that was collected was in the form of camels, cows and goats, etc. Thus, he was advised to ensure this charity was properly distributed and carefully looked after, otherwise these very animals would appear as a burden upon him on the Day of Judgment. Upon hearing this, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit said, “By Him, Who has sent the Holy Prophet(sa) with the truth, I would not even supervise over two individuals, for my condition is such that I cannot bear any kind of burden. Therefore, it is better for me to not be appointed.”
Scholar and Scribe of the Holy Quran
During the lifetime of the Holy Prophet(sa), the five companions from among the Ansar, who collated the Quran are Hazrat Mu‘az(ra) bin Jabal, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit, Hazrat Ubayy(ra) bin Ka‘b, Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari(ra) and Hazrat Abu Darda(ra). (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 3, p. 55, Darul Fikr, Beirut, 2003)
After the conquest of the Levant, Hazrat Yazid bin Sufyan(ra) wrote to Hazrat Umar(ra) and informed him that the people of that area were in need of a teacher who could teach them the Holy Quran and impart to them knowledge of faith. Subsequently, Hazrat Umar(ra) sent Hazrat Mu‘az(ra), Hazrat Ubadah(ra) and Hazrat Abu Darda(ra). Hazrat Ubadah(ra) travelled to Palestine and stayed there. Junada relates that when he met Hazrat Ubadah(ra) he found him to be extremely well-versed in the religion of God, in other words he was a great scholar. (Al-Isaba Fi Tamyeez Al-Sahaba, Vol. 3, p. 507, Ubadah bin Samit, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2005)
Disagreement with Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra)
When the Muslims conquered the area of the Levant, Hazrat Umar(ra) sent Hazrat Ubadah(ra), Hazrat Mu‘az(ra) bin Jabal and Hazrat Abu Darda(ra) to that region, so that they could impart the teachings of the Holy Quran and religion to its people. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) went to Homs, Hazrat Abu Darda(ra) went to Damascus and Hazrat Mu‘az(ra) travelled to Palestine. After a while, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) also joined him in Palestine. While there, there was a particular matter which Hazrat Ubadah(ra) disliked, however Amir Muawiyyah opposed him in this – in other words, they had a disagreement over a particular religious matter.
During this disagreement, Amir Muawiyyah spoke rather strongly to Hazrat Ubadah(ra) and as a result, he left for Medina stating that he could not live in the same land as him. When Hazrat Umar(ra) enquired what it was that caused him to return, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) informed Hazrat Umar(ra) of the whole incident in which they disagreed over a particular matter and that Amir Muawiyyah spoke rather strongly to him.
In any case, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) left as a result of their disagreement. Upon this, Hazrat Umar(ra) stated that he should go back as God Almighty would cause such a land to fall into ruin that is absent of him or people like him. In other words, it was necessary for the companions of the Holy Prophet(sa) and the learned scholars of faith to be present there; if not, then this would be hugely unfortunate for that land. Thus, it was imperative that he returned. Hazrat Umar(ra) also wrote an official letter to Amir Muawiyyah stating that he did not have any right to oppose Hazrat Ubadah(ra) in any religious matter and that he should listen to what he said as whatever he said was indeed correct. (Usdul Ghaba, Vol. 3, p. 55, Ubadah bin Samit, Darul Fikr, Beirut, 2003)
(Friday Sermon - September 6, 2019 )
Invasion and Exile of the Banu Qainuqa
It is written in historical accounts that when the Banu Qainuqa decided to wage war against the Muslims – on the orders of Abdullah bin Ubayy – Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit, like Abdullah bin Ubayy, was a confederate of the Banu Qainuqa. However, owing to the impending battle, he distanced himself from the Banu Qainuqa and for the sake of God Almighty and His Prophet(sa), he detached himself from being their confederate. It is stated that the following verse was then revealed:
یٰٓاَیُّہَا الَّذِیْنَ اٰمَنُوْا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا الْیَہُوْدَ وَالنَّصٰرٰٓى اَوْلِیَآءَ بَعْضُہُمْ اَوْلِیَآءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ یَّتَوَلَّہُمْ مِّنْکُمْ فَاِنَّہٗ مِنْہُمْ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ لَا یَہْدِی الْقَوْمَ الظّٰلِمِیْنَ
“O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for friends. They are friends one to another. And whoso among you takes them for friends is indeed one of them. Verily, Allah guides not the unjust people.” [Ch.5: V.52] (Al-Isaba Fi Tamyeez Al-Sahaba, Vol. 3, p. 506, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2005)
At this point, I will reiterate that this verse does not mean that one should not perform virtuous deeds that would benefit the Jews or the Christians, nor does it mean that one must sever all ties with them. Rather, it means that one ought to avoid making friends with those Christians and Jews who are engaged in battle with the Muslims. In fact, God Almighty has explained in other places in the Holy Quran that He does not forbid for one to perform virtuous deeds or deal justly with those people who do not wage war against Muslims or to those who do not exile the Muslims from their homes, irrespective of whether they are disbelievers, Jews or Christians. Just as God Almighty states:
لَا یَنْہٰىکُمُ اللّٰہُ عَنِ الَّذِیْنَ لَمْ یُقَاتِلُوْکُمْ فِی الدِّیْنِ وَلَمْ یُخْرِجُوْکُمْ مِّنْ دِیَارِکُمْ اَنْ تَبَرُّوْہُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوْٓا اِلَیْہِمْ اِنَّ اللّٰہَ یُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِیْنَ
“Allah forbids you not, respecting those who have not fought against you on account of your religion, and who have not driven you forth from your homes, that you be kind to them and act equitably towards them; surely Allah loves those who are equitable.” [Ch.60: V.9]
Thus, through the earlier verse, it has been made evidently clear that one should not forge relations with non-Muslims on the basis of any weakness, fear or cowardice. The real objective should be that one ought to have complete trust and reliance in Allah the Almighty alone. Furthermore, if one improves their spiritual condition, then God Almighty shall grant His support. Unfortunately, these days we witness that Muslim governments fall in the laps of foreign powers and are fearful of them. The result of this is that owing to benefiting from their aid, one Muslim country is turning against the other and they are the very people who are destroying Islam from its roots. Nonetheless, we pray to God Almighty to enable these Muslim governments to see reason.
In any case, in relation to the incident that is being mentioned, which is the battle against the Banu Qainuqa that resulted in them being besieged after the battle and eventually they were defeated, there are further details about it found in Sirat Khatamun-Nabiyyin. It references various historical sources and states regarding this incident that after their defeat, the Banu Qainuqa were ordered to leave [Medina] and the details of this incident are as follows:
“When the Battle of Badr had taken place and Allah the Exalted, out of His grace, granted a convincing victory to the Muslims, despite their being few and without means over a very fierce army of the Quraish, and the prominent leaders of Mecca were mixed to dust, the Jews of Medina went up in flames of jealousy. They began to openly hurl stinging comments at the Muslims and publicly asserted in gatherings that, ‘So what if you have defeated the army of the Quraish. Let Muḥammad(sa) fight us and we shall demonstrate how wars are fought.’
“This escalated to such an extent that in one gathering they even uttered such words in the very presence of the Holy Prophet(sa). As such, there is a narration that after the Battle of Badr, when the Holy Prophet(sa) returned to Medina, one day, he gathered the Jews and admonished them and whilst presenting his claim, invited them to Islam. The chieftains among the Jews responded to this peaceful and sympathetic address of the Holy Prophet(sa) in the following words:
“‘O Muhammad(sa), it seems that you have perhaps become arrogant after killing a few Quraish. Those people were inexperienced in the art of war. If you were to fight us, you would come to know the real likes of warriors.’ The Jews did not rest upon a mere threat, rather, it seems as if they even began to hatch conspiracies to assassinate the Holy Prophet(sa). There is a narration that in those days when a faithful companion by the name of Talha(ra) bin Barra was about to pass away, he bequeathed, ‘If I die at night, the Holy Prophet(sa) should not be notified about my funeral prayer, lest a misfortune befalls the Holy Prophet(sa) at the hands of the Jews on my account.’ (i.e. lest the Holy Prophet(sa) comes at night to lead the funeral prayer and the Jews see it as an opportunity to attack) Therefore, after the Battle of Badr, the Jews openly began to fuel mischief, and among the Jews of Medina, since the Banu Qainuqa were the most powerful and bold, it was they who first began to breach the treaty. As such, historians write:
“‘Among the Jews of Medina, the Banu Qainuqa were the first to break the treaty which had been settled between them and the Holy Prophet(sa). After Badr, they began to rebel fiercely and openly expressed their rancour and malice and broke their treaty and agreement.’
“However, despite such events, under the guidance of their Master, the Muslims demonstrated patience in every way and did not allow themselves to take the lead in any respect. It is narrated in a Hadith that after the treaty which had been settled with the Jews, the Holy Prophet(sa) would even take special care to protect their sentiments. On one occasion, an argument broke out between a Muslim and a Jew. The Jew asserted the superiority of Moses(as) above all the other Prophets. The companion was angered by this and he dealt somewhat harshly with that person replying that the Holy Prophet(sa) was the most superior of all the Messengers. When the Holy Prophet(sa) was informed of this, he was displeased and rebuked the companion saying, ‘It is not your task to go about speaking of the superiority of God’s Messengers in comparison to one another.’ Then, the Holy Prophet(sa) mentioned a partial superiority of Moses(as) and consoled the Jew. However, despite this loving conduct of the Holy Prophet(sa), the Jews continued to escalate in their mischief. Eventually, it was the Jews who created a cause for war and their heart-felt animosity could not be tamed. What happened was that one day, a Muslim lady went to the shop of a Jew in the market in order to purchase some goods. A few evil Jews, who were then sitting at the shop began to harass her in a most mischievous manner and even the shopkeeper himself committed the evil deed that while the lady was unaware, he attached the lower corner of her skirt to the mantle on her back with a thorn or something of that sort.” (Perhaps there was a hook of some sort and he pinned it against that.) “As a result, when the lady stood up to leave due to their rude behaviour, the lower part of her body became exposed at which the Jewish shopkeeper and his accomplices burst out in laughter. Outraged, the Muslim lady screamed and appealed for help. It so happened that a Muslim was present nearby. He dashed to the scene and in a mutual altercation, the Jewish shopkeeper was killed. Upon this, the Muslim was showered with swords from all directions and this remarkably indignant Muslim was put to death. When the Muslims were informed of this event in national indignation, their eyes gorged with blood in rage. On the other hand, the Jews who desired to make this incident an excuse to fight, congregated in the form of a crowd and a state of riot broke out.
“When the Holy Prophet(sa) was informed of this, he gathered the chieftains of the Banu Qainuqa and explained that such behaviour was not appropriate and that they should refrain from such mischief and fear God. Instead of expressing disappointment or remorse and seeking forgiveness for what had happened, they responded with very refractory answers and boldly repeated their earlier threat that, ‘Do not become arrogant over your victory at Badr. When you are to fight us you shall come to know the real likes of warriors.’ Left with no other choice, the Holy Prophet(sa) set out towards the fortresses of the Banu Qainuqa with a force of companions.” (When the Holy Prophet(sa) went to see the Jews with his companions, they ought to have shown remorse for their actions and extended a hand of peace, but instead they were ready to fight.) “Therefore, war was declared and the forces of Islam and Judaism came forth to battle one another.
“According to the custom of that era, a method of warfare was that one party would secure themselves within their fortresses and wait. The opposing force would besiege the fortress and whenever an opportunity presented itself, every now and then, attacks would be launched against one another. This would continue until the surrounding army would either lose hope in capturing the fortress and lift the siege, and this would be considered a victory to the ones besieged; or being unable to muster the strength to fend off the onslaught, the besieged force would open the gates of their fortress and hand themselves over to the victors. On this occasion, the Banu Qainuqa employed the same tactic, and closed themselves within their own fortresses. The Holy Prophet(sa) besieged them and this siege continued for fifteen days. Finally, when all the strength and arrogance of the Banu Qainuqa had been shattered, they opened the gates of their fortresses on the condition that though their wealth would belong to the Muslims, their lives and families would be spared. The Holy Prophet(sa) accepted this condition, even though according to Mosaic law, all of these people were liable to be put to death (according to the Mosaic law, they were liable to be put to death for their wrongdoings) and according to the initial agreement, the judgement of the Mosaic law should have been administered to them.
“However, since this was the first crime committed by this nation, as a first course of action, the merciful and forgiving disposition of the Holy Prophet(sa) could never be inclined towards an extreme punishment, which should only be imposed as a final remedy. However, on the other hand, allowing such a treacherous and rebellious tribe to remain in Medina was no less than nurturing a snake in the grass, especially when a group of hypocrites from among the Aus and Khazraj was already present within Medina, and from the exterior as well, the opposition of the whole of Arabia had greatly distressed the Muslims. In such circumstances, the only judgement which the Holy Prophet(sa) could pass was for the Banu Qainuqa to leave Medina. In comparison to their crime and taking into account the circumstances of that era, this was a very mild punishment. Furthermore, the purpose of this punishment was the security of Medina.” (The main purpose of this was to ensure the safety of the Muslims of Medina.)
“Nonetheless, for the nomadic tribes of Arabia it was nothing out of the ordinary to move from one place to another, especially when a tribe did not own any properties in the form of land and orchards – and the Banu Qainuqa had none. The entire tribe was given the opportunity to leave one place and settle somewhere else, with great peace and security. As such, the Banu Qainuqa very peacefully left Medina and settled towards Syria. The Holy Prophet(sa) assigned the task of overseeing the necessary arrangements, etc. associated with their departure to a companion named Ubadah(ra) bin Samit (the companion who is being mentioned) who was from among their confederates. Ubadah(ra) bin Samit escorted the Banu Qainuqa for a few manzils [a day’s journey] and after safely sending them off, he returned. The spoils which were attained by the Muslims consisted only of weaponry and instruments of their profession, which was that of goldsmith” (Sirat Khatamun-Nabiyyin, Hazrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad(ra), pp. 458-460). Aside from this there was nothing more that the Muslims gained in the spoils.
Some details in relation to this incident are also found in Sirat-ul-Halabiyyah. It states that the Holy Prophet(sa) commanded to expel and exile these Jews from Medina for good. The Holy Prophet(sa) entrusted Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit with the responsibility of exiling them and he gave the Jews respite for three days.
Subsequently, after three days, the Jews said farewell to Medina and left. Prior to this, the Jews had requested Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit to extend the period of respite that they were granted. However, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) rejected this request stating that not a single minute of respite would be given to them. Following this, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) oversaw their exile and the Banu Qainuqa settled in the plains of a town in Syria. (Al-Sirat al-Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, p. 287, Bab Dhikr Maghaziyah, Ghazwah Banu Qainuqa, Dar-ul-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut, 2002)
Accepting Gifts in Exchange for Teaching the Holy Quran
There are many other Ahadith (sayings of the Holy Prophet(sa)) which have been narrated by Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit. In one narration, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) states:
“Owing to the increasing engagements of the Holy Prophet(sa), whenever someone from among the Muhajireen (Muslims who migrated from Mecca to Medina) presented himself before the Holy Prophet(sa), he would entrust him to one of us in order to teach him the Holy Quran as well as religious knowledge.”
He further narrates, “On one occasion, the Holy Prophet(sa) assigned an individual to me. He stayed at my home and ate with me and my family and I taught him the Holy Quran. When he was about to return home, he thought that since he had stayed with me and I had taught him the Holy Quran, therefore perhaps I had some rights over him. Hence, he gave me a bow as a present.” He further says, “It was of such exceptional quality that I had previously never seen a better bow and was made of excellent wood and was very soft.” Hazrat Ubadah(ra) then says, “I presented myself before the Holy Prophet(sa) and asked, ‘O Messenger (sa) of Allah! Such and such individual has granted me this bow as a gift. What is your guidance in relation to this?’ The Holy Prophet(sa) replied, ‘What you are carrying between your shoulders is like a burning coal.’” Meaning that the present he accepted was only given to him because he taught him the Holy Quran and thus it is was fire which he was carrying between his shoulders. (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Vol. 7, p. 563, Ubadah(ra) bin Samit, Hadith 23146, Aalamul Kutub, Beirut, 1998)
There is another narration related by Hazrat Ubadah(ra) as well in which he said:
“I taught the Holy Quran to some individuals from among the Ahl-e-Suffa and I also taught them how to write. Upon this, one of them sent me a bow as a present. In my heart I thought that this is not money, cash, gold, silver or any form of currency and so decided that I will use it to shoot arrows in the way of Allah. It is merely a bow and it will be useful to me to shoot arrows if the occasion of Jihad ever arises and will be used in the way of Allah.” Nevertheless, he says, “I sought guidance from the Holy Prophet(sa) in relation to this. Upon this, the Holy Prophet(sa) said, ‘You may accept it if you wish to wear a chain made out of fire around your neck.’” (Sunan Ibn Majah, Kitabul Tijaaraat, Baab Al-Ajr Ala Taleem-ul-Quran, Hadith 2157)
That is, if he wished to have a chain made out of fire and placed around his neck, then he could accept it.
Both of these narrations are similar and have appeared in different sources. The commentators (of Ahadith) have concluded from these narrations that the bow was given as remuneration for teaching the Holy Quran, however this practice was disliked by the Holy Prophet(sa). Therefore, this incident contains guidance for those people who teach the Holy Quran and use it as a source of personal income.
Types of Martyrs
Hazrat Rashid bin Hubaish narrates that on one occasion, the Holy Prophet(sa) went to enquire about the health of Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit who was ill at the time. The Holy Prophet(sa) asked, “Do you know who from among my Ummah will be counted amongst the martyrs?” At this, the companions(ra) began to look at one another. Upon this, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) asked for help so that he could sit upright and using support, he sat up and submitted, “O Messenger (sa) of Allah! You asked about who from among the Ummah, will be counted amongst the Martyrs? The ones who will be counted amongst the martyrs are those who only seek virtue as their reward and are subsequently martyred fighting bravely and displaying steadfastness.” To this the Holy Prophet(sa) replied, “If it is left to this alone, then there will be very few martyrs among my Ummah.” The Holy Prophet(sa) then said, “The one who dies fighting in the cause of God Almighty is a martyr, the one who dies from the plague is a martyr”, that is, if there is an epidemic and a pious believer passes away due to it, then in that case he will be deemed as a martyr; “the one who drowns will be deemed as a martyr, the one who passes away due to an abdominal illness is a martyr.” The Holy Prophet(sa) then further said, “A woman who passes away in the state of nifaas, her child will take her straight into paradise.” (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Vol. 5, p. 492, Musnad Rashid bin Hubaish, Hadith 23146, Aalamul Kutub, Beirut, 1998)
The state of nifaas is when a woman passes away after childbirth due to excessive blood loss. The state of nifaas can last for up to forty days after childbirth and if owing to weakness or any other reason, a woman passes away during this period, the Holy Prophet(sa) has said that her child will be the reason for her entering paradise.
There is a narration in Sahih Bukhari, which is similar to the one I have just stated; Hazrat Abu Hurairah(ra) narrates that the Holy Prophet(sa) said, “There are five types of martyrs: the one who dies from the plague, the one who passes away due to an abdominal illness, the one who drowns, the one who passes away by being crushed and the one who dies fighting in the cause of Allah.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitabul Jihad Wa Al-Sair, Hadith 2829)
The Promised Messiah(as) was informed [by God Almighty] that the plague was sent down as a sign for him that whosoever believed in him in the true sense would be saved from the effects of the plague. Thus, this particular case is a completely different matter altogether, however, if under normal circumstances there is an epidemic and a believer who has firm faith passes away as a result of it, then they will be deemed as a martyr.
What the Pledge of Allegiance Entailed
Ismael bin Ubaid Ansari narrates that Hazrat Ubadah(ra) once said to Hazrat Abu Hurairah(ra), “O Abu Hurairah(ra)! You were not present at the time when the Holy Prophet(sa) took the pledge of allegiance from us on the basis that that we would always demonstrate obedience to him in times of increased activity or times of rest, and in times of hardship or ease; and that we will enjoin good and forbid evil in a way that we would not worry about the reproach of any critic. Then when the Holy Prophet(sa) migrated to Medina, we pledged allegiance to support and protect him with our lives as we would protect our wives and children. We pledged allegiance on all of these matters and in return, we were promised the tidings of paradise. Thus, whosoever breaks this pledge that he made with the Holy Prophet(sa), only causes harm to himself. Whosoever fulfils the pledge he made with the Holy Prophet(sa), then God Almighty will fulfil His promise as vouchsafed to the Holy Prophet(sa).”
Second Disagreement with Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra)
On one occasion Hazrat Muawiyyah(ra) wrote a letter to Hazrat Uthman Ghani(ra) stating, “The people of Syria are creating unrest against me due to Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit .Therefore, either call back Ubadah(ra) bin Samit to you, or I will remove myself between him and Syria” i.e. he would leave Syria. Hazrat Uthman(ra) wrote back stating: “Provide transport for him and ensure that he reaches his home in Medina Munawwarah.” Hence, Hazrat Muawiyyah(ra) arranged for him to reach Medina. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) went to visit Hazrat Uthman(ra) in his home and aside from one person, there was nobody present, meaning out of those who had met with the companions, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) saw Hazrat Uthman(ra) seated in the corner of the room. Hazrat Uthman(ra) then turned to Hazrat Ubadah(ra) and asked, “O Ubadah(ra) bin Samit what is the matter between you and us?” Hazrat Ubadah(ra) stood up and began addressing the people saying: “I heard the Holy Prophet(sa) say: ‘After me there will be certain leaders who will urge you to perform deeds that are displeasing to you, and they will dislike those deeds that are pleasing to you. Therefore, whoever is disobedient to God Almighty you should not follow him. Thus, do not transgress the boundaries set by God Almighty.’” (Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Vol. 7, pp. 564-565, Musnad Ubadah(ra) bin Samit, Hadith 23149-23150, Aalamul Kutub, Beirut, 1998)
There are certain matters regarding which there can be a difference of opinion between people, and between Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit and Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra), there were differences of opinions regarding certain matters. I mentioned in the previous sermon as well that there was a similar incident during the Khilafat of Hazrat Umar(ra). Since Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit was among the early companions, who had heard about matters directly from the Holy Prophet(sa), therefore, he would firmly adhere to them and ensure others acted on them accordingly. During the Khilafat of Hazrat Umar(ra) there was a difference of opinion between Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra) and Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit. Hazrat Umar(ra) instructed Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra) that he was not to question Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit and to let him act on the matters as he deemed correct. Later, when Hazrat Ubadah(ra) returned to Medina [due to these differences], Hazrat Umar(ra) sent him back. (Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 18)
However, in the time of Hazrat Uthman(ra), when the issue arose again, Hazrat Uthman(ra) called Hazrat Ubadah(ra) to Medina due to the conditions at the time. Nonetheless, Hazrat Ubadah(ra) had a very high status and he was able to interpret certain matters because he had heard them directly from the Holy Prophet(sa). For this reason, there was a difference of opinion in certain matters and he would voice his opinion.
For example, in matters of exchanging goods, bartering or in matters of trade. This is a lengthy subject and there is not enough time to discuss it here, but it was relating to such matters that Hazrat Ubadah(ra) and Hazrat Muawiyyah(ra) were in disagreement. Since Hazrat Ubadah(ra) had sound arguments to prove his case, therefore he would interpret matters accordingly, while at the same time Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra) held a different opinion about the same issues. However, it is not for everyone to voice disagreements, unless they have clear proof from the Holy Quran or Hadith. Moreover, in this era, the Promised Messiah(as) has elucidated many issues. Nonetheless, the fundamental point to remember in all of this is that one should never cross the limits set by God Almighty and always remain within those prescribed limits. Thus, every Ahmadi ought to bear this in mind and demonstrate complete obedience.
Advice
Ata narrates, “I met Waleed, who was the son of a companion of the Holy Prophet(sa) named Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit and I asked him what his father, i.e. Hazrat Ubadah(ra), advised him before he passed away. Waleed replied that he [i.e. Hazrat Ubadah(ra)] said: ‘O my son! Fear God Almighty and know full well that you can never become righteous until you have firm belief in Allah the Almighty, and also until you believe in the divine decree, whether good or bad. Therefore, if you die and believe something contrary to this, then you will be thrown into the fire.’
Hazarta Umme Haram(ra) – Wife of Hazrat Ubadah(ra)
Hazrat Anas(ra) bin Malik narrates that the Holy Prophet(sa) would frequently visit the house of Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) bint Milhan, who was the wife of Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit and she would present the Holy Prophet(sa) food. On one occasion when the Holy Prophet(sa) visited her home, she served him food and then began to groom his hair, at which the Holy Prophet(sa) fell asleep. A short while later, he woke up from his sleep and he was smiling. Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) asked, “O Messenger (sa) of Allah! Why were you smiling?” The Holy Prophet(sa) replied, “A few people from among my Ummah who had set out to fight in the way of God Almighty were brought before me. They were sailing in the sea in a manner as if they were kings sitting on thrones, or he stated that they were like kings seated upon their thrones.” The narrator of the incident was unsure as to exactly which word the Holy Prophet(sa) had used. Nonetheless, Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) said to the Holy Prophet(sa), “O Messenger (sa) of Allah! Pray to God Almighty that I may be among those people.” The Holy Prophet(sa) then prayed for Hazrat Umme(ra) Haram and then rested his head and fell asleep again. Again, he woke up and he was smiling. She asked again as to the reason why the Holy Prophet(sa) was smiling, to which the Holy Prophet(sa) said, “Some people from among my Ummah who had set out to fight in the way of Allah were presented before me.” The Holy Prophet(sa) then repeated what he mentioned earlier. Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) submitted to the Holy Prophet(sa), “O Messenger (sa) of Allah! Pray that Allah the Almighty also enable me to be among those group of people.” The Holy Prophet(sa) stated, “You already are included in the company of these people.” Subsequently, during the era of Muawiyyah bin Abi Sufyan, Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) was part of a voyage and upon disembarking, she fell from her mount and passed away. (Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitabul Jihad Wa Al-Sair, Hadith 2788-2789)
The Holy Prophet(sa) would visit the house of Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) because he had close familial ties with her. With regard to this, it is stated that Umme Haram(ra) was the daughter of Milhan bin Khalid and belonged to the tribe of Banu Najjar. Umme Haram was the sister of Umme Sulaim, whose son was Hazrat Anas(ra), and thus she was his maternal aunt. Both Umme Haram(ra) and Umme Sulaim were maternal aunts of the Holy Prophet(sa), related to him either through a blood relation or foster relation. (Al-Isti‘ab, Vol. 4, p. 1931, Dar-ul-Jeel, Beirut, 1992)
Imam Nawawi writes that all the scholars unanimously agree that Umme Haram(ra) had a close family relation with the Holy Prophet(sa). Owing to this relation, the Holy Prophet(sa) would sometimes visit her house and take rest during the afternoons. However, there are varying opinions as regards to the exact relation. Everyone agrees that she was his close family relative, but there are different views as to exactly how they were related. (Al-Minhaj Bi-Sharah Sahih Mulsim, Imam Nawawi, Kitab-ul-Amarah, Hadith no. 1912, Dar-e-Ibn Hazam, Beirut, 2002)
In any case, they had close family relations in one way or another. Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) accepted Islam at the blessed hand of the Holy Prophet(sa). Later, during the Khilafat of Hazrat Uthman Dhul-Noorain(ra), she left to take part in Jihad, along with her husband, Ubadah(ra) bin Samit, who was a very prominent companion from among the Ansar (whose account is being mentioned) and she was martyred whilst reaching territory occupied by the Byzantines. Thus, she attained the status of martyrdom according to the vision of the Holy Prophet(sa).
In Umdatul Qari and Sharah Irshhaad-ul-Saari, which are commentaries of Bukhari, it is stated that Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) passed away in 27-28 AH. According to some, she passed away during the rule of Amir Muawiyyah(ra).
However, the earlier narration is more commonly known and has been quoted by the historians, which is that she passed away during a naval battle during the Khilafat of Hazrat Uthman(ra). In reference to the “era of Muawiyyah”, it does not refer to the rule of Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra), rather it refers to that period in history in which Hazrat Amir Muawiyyah(ra) fought a naval battle against the Byzantine Empire. Hazrat Umme Haram(ra) also took part in this with her husband, Ubadah(ra) bin Samit and upon returning from the battle, she passed away during the Khilafat of Hazrat Uthman(ra). (Umdatul Qari [Sharah Sahih al-Bukhari ] Vol. 14, p. 128, Dar Ihyaa al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut, 2003), (Irshhaad-ul-Saari [Sharah Sahih al-Bukhari], Vol. 5, p. 230, Dar-ul-fikr, Beirut, 2010)
Demise
Junadah bin Abu Umayyah narrates that they visited Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit during his illness. They requested him to narrate a Hadith which he had heard from the Holy Prophet(sa), so that by doing so, God Almighty will grant him blessing. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit stated that the Holy Prophet(sa) once called them and took their Bai‘at. The Holy Prophet(sa) took a pledge from them on the conditions that they will show complete obedience in all circumstances, whether it be in a state of happiness, sadness, poverty of affluence or even when the decision goes against their preferences. Moreover, they shall not dispute with the rulers in order to assume power for themselves, with the exception of manifest disbelief. (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Fitn, Hadith no. 7055-7066)
In regards “with the exception of manifest disbelief”, [i.e. when one can disagree] even then that is when it comes to a fundamental law of God, for which one has a clear and conclusive argument from God and also if one has the power or means to do so.
Sunabihir relates, “I visited Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit when he was close to his demise and I began to cry. Hazrat Ubadah(ra) bin Samit told me to stop and enquired the reason for my crying. He then said, ‘By God, if I were to testify, I would certainly testify in your favour. If I were granted the permission to intercede, I would certainly intercede for you and if I had the strength to help you in any way, I would certainly do so.’ He then said, ‘By God, I have narrated to you all the Hadith from the Holy Prophet(sa) which contain all that is good for you, except for one Hadith, which I shall narrate to you today at a time when I am close to my demise. I heard the Holy Prophet(sa) state that whosever affirms that there is no God except Allah and Muhammad(sa) is the Messenger of Allah, will be safeguarded from the hellfire, in other words, such a person is a Muslim.’” (Sahih Muslim, Kitab-ul-Iman, Hadith no. 29)